Medicina d'Urgenza in Europa
Gruppo di Studio, di Ricerca e di Lavoro
Emergency Medicine in Europe
Features of Emergency Medicine
Emergency medical care of a high standard should be available to every person in need in all situations and at all times. This requires a dedicated system which provides care for all acutely ill or injured people in an
appropriate form.
The specialty of Emergency Medicine meets the scientific, clinical and organisational need for a medical discipline that has a primary concern with emergencies. It requires a physical and/or conceptual presence in the
pre-hospital, in-hospital and inter-hospital care of emergency patients.
The province of Emergency Medicine is early diagnosis and treatment of all life, organ or limb-threatening conditions. Timely and well-coordinated care limits both immediate and late mortality and reduces the duration and
severity of morbidity from sudden illness and injury. The relief of suffering is also of paramount importance.
The emergency health care system must be clinically, organisationally and financially independent. Certain features such as triage, resuscitation and facilities for short-term observation and therapy should be incorporated
into the system. The amount and type of emergency work is difficult to predict with certainty and so staffing and resources must be adequate for all likely situations. Training must be extensive so as to prepare specialists
for the management of a wide range of conditions.
Good practice in Emergency Medicine will maximise the likelihood of a favourable outcome for the patient. Therapy should be consistent with current knowledge and care must be provided in a humane and respectful manner with
psycho-social support available as required. There is no defined time limit to the duration of emergency care.
Emergency Medicine encourages collaboration between all members of the health care team. An efficient chain of care requires liaison with pre-hospital care providers, hospital specialists and other staff and also with
community medical and nursing staff and social workers. Team work is essential and must involve close cooperation and integrated facilities for protocol development and implementation, teaching and research.
However, the specialty of Emergency Medicine will only realise its full potential when qualified emergency physicians possess the authority to direct the emergency care that patients receive and accept responsibility for the
outcome of that care. These physicians must have a similar responsibility for the management of the environment in which emergency care occurs.
In the case of a major incident, a natural disaster or other special circumstances, specialists in Emergency Medicine would normally lead the organisation of medical care. It is thus essential that members of the specialty
participate in disaster planning at local, regional, national and international levels. However, the difference between Emergency Medicine in normal circumstances and emergency medicine in special circumstances (disaster
medicine) is more than just a matter of degree. A disaster is a situation with an imbalance between the immediate need for medical care and the resources available which is not the case in normal emergency medicine. Specific
training in preparedness for disasters is thus required for all Emergency Physicians.
Objectives of Emergency Medicine
- to provide an integrated system of pre-hospital, in-hospital and inter-hospital emergency care
- to standardise and to improve the quality of emergency medical care
- to reduce the mortality, morbidity, disability and suffering associated with injury and sudden illness
- to research into the nature and treatment of medical emergencies
- to collect epidemiological data which relate to the prevention of accidents and to health promotion
- to study the epidemiology and the management of major incidents and disasters and to participate in the planning for such circumstances
- to study the ethical problems involved in emergency medical care and to provide guidelines for decision making
Training for and eligibility to practise Emergency Medicine
The provision of high quality emergency care requires physicians with specialised training. Other doctors who are not specialists in Emergency Medicine will still be involved in the care of patients with emergency conditions.
However, the head of a department of Emergency Medicine and the senior medical staff of the department must be recognised specialists in that field.
Emergency Medicine is a specialty in its own right. Physicians may enter a training programme from a background in surgery, internal medicine, anaesthesia, paediatrics, intensive care or a mixture of these subjects. Training
in the specialty of Emergency Medicine will require a minimum of two years full-time experience in a department providing emergency medical care for a broad range of cases. Up to one year of this may be included as part of
basic specialist training. However, supervised practice at a higher level is essential. The right to practise as a specialist in Emergency Medicine should be granted by a specific board of accreditation.
European certification in Emergency Medicine is desirable. It should be based on comparable standards throughout all European countries. A pan-European examination should also be developed which evaluates knowledge, skills and
management capabilities. The implementation of similar standards of training in Emergency Medicine throughout Europe is a priority.
Council of the European Society for Emergency Medicine (EuSEM)
July 1998
Published: European Journal of Emergency Medicine (EJEM) 1998, 5(1): 7-8; revised: EJEM 1998, 5(4): 1-2